Eli Shelby Hammond (April 1, 1838 – December 17, 1904) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Brandon, Mississippi, Hammond graduated from Union University in Tennessee in 1857, and from Lebanon Law School in 1858. He was in private practice in Ripley, Mississippi from 1859 to 1860, and in Memphis, Tennessee from 1860 to 1861. He was a Captain in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, thereafter returning to private practice in Ripley until 1868, and the in Memphis until 1878.
On June 15, 1878, Hammond was nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee created by 20 Stat. 132. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 17, 1878, and received his commission the same day. Hammond served in that capacity until his death, in 1904, in New York City.